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China's Secondary Industry Nominal GDP Inches Up Only 0.9%, Defl

2026-01-20

According to the latest DataTrack data, China's secondary industry (manufacturing and construction) recorded 136,803 hundred million RMB at the end of November 2025 (corresponding to the fourth quarter), a significant rebound from the previous value (Q3) of 124,970 hundred million RMB, showing a seasonal peak effect and hitting a record high. However, compared with the same period last year, the year-on-year growth rate was only 0.89%. This figure forms a strong contrast with the widely expected "5% real GDP growth" in the market, highlighting the severe drag of price factors (Deflator) on nominal output value. The stagflation in nominal data implies that corporate revenue and profit margins are under immense pressure; although factory machines keep running, monetization capability has not kept pace.

Deconstructing the detailed performance reveals an extreme "K-shaped divergence" in industries. On one hand, high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing showed resilience, benefiting from the export dividends of the "new three items" (electric vehicles, lithium batteries, solar energy), with output maintaining high-speed growth; market information indicates that new energy vehicle production even surged by over 40%. However, the construction industry, another major pillar of the secondary industry, is mired in difficulties. Affected by the full-year plunge of 17.2% in real estate development investment, demand for traditional building materials like cement and steel has frozen, severely offsetting the incremental contributions from advanced manufacturing.

Addressing this phenomenon, many institutions point to a "deflationary spiral" and "supply-demand imbalance." Analyses by Deloitte and the World Bank indicate that Chinese industry faces severe overcapacity issues, causing the PPI (Producer Price Index) to remain in negative territory (-2.6%) for a long time, forcing companies to trade price for volume. In addition, infrastructure investment also showed rare negative growth (-2.2%), indicating that local governments, under pressure to resolve debt, are unable to support the economy through traditional infrastructure, leaving the secondary industry without a strong domestic demand buffer.

Looking ahead, the short term (1-2 months) coincides with the Lunar New Year off-season, during which industrial activity will naturally recede and data is unlikely to improve; market focus will shift to the implementation of fiscal stimulus after the "Two Sessions" in March. In the medium term (3-6 months), the biggest risk variable lies in the deterioration of the external trade environment, especially the potential reinstatement of high tariff barriers by the new U.S. government, which would directly impact the export engine currently supporting the secondary industry. If domestic consumption cannot pick up the baton in time, manufacturing may face even more severe de-stocking pressure. Investors should be wary of the risk of "increasing production without increasing revenue" extending into the first half of 2026.

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